ARM Thumb Instruction Set - Embedded
Sep 24, 2003 · The Thumb instruction set consists of 16-bit instructions that act as a compact shorthand for a subset of the 32-bit instructions of the standard ARM. Every Thumb instruction could instead be executed via the equivalent 32-bit ARM instruction. However, not all ARM instructions are available in the Thumb subset; for example, there’s no way to ...
The role of artificial intelligence in autonomous vehicles
Jul 15, 2020 · AI is used for several important tasks in a self driving automobile. One of the main tasks is path planning. That is the navigation system of the vehicle (Sagar and Nanjundeswaraswamy, 2019). Another big task for AI is the interaction with the sensory system and the interpretation of the data coming out of sensors.
MISRA C: Rules, Guidelines, and Compliance - Embedded
Jul 1, 2002 · The guidelines, which were first published in 1998, comprise a 70-page document that describes a workable subset of C that avoids many of its well-known problems. (Unfortunately, you have to buy the document from MISRA. It is available at www.misra.org.uk for about $50.) The MISRA C document contains eight chapters and two appendices and was ...
Introduction to Watchdog Timers - Embedded
Oct 1, 2001 · Kicking the dog. The process of restarting the watchdog timer’s counter is sometimes called “kicking the dog.”. The appropriate visual metaphor is that of a man being attacked by a vicious dog. If he keeps kicking the dog, it can’t ever bite him. But he must keep kicking the dog at regular intervals to avoid a bite.
Flash 101: NAND Flash vs NOR Flash - Embedded
Jul 23, 2018 · The downside of smaller blocks, however, is an increase in die area and memory cost. Because of its lower cost per bit, NAND Flash can more cost-effectively support smaller erase blocks compared to NOR Flash. The typical block size available today ranges from 8KB to 32KB for NAND Flash and 64KB to 256KB for NOR Flash.
Direct Memory Access (DMA) - Embedded
Oct 14, 2003 · Direct memory access (DMA) is a means of having a peripheral device control a processor’s memory bus directly. DMA permits the peripheral, such as a UART, to transfer data directly to or from memory without having each byte (or word) handled by the processor. Thus DMA enables more efficient use of interrupts, increases data throughput, and ...
How hardware security modules enable AUTOSAR - Embedded
Jun 24, 2018 · 4 min read. 0. Increasingly complex software and in-vehicle connectivity require more and more cryptographic protection. This protection must also be implemented by classic real-time AUTOSAR systems. Hardware security modules (HSM) with suitable firmware future-proof your system’s cryptography, even when resources are scarce. Partner Content.
Firmware Architecture In 5 Easy Steps - Embedded
Sep 21, 2009 · Step 5: Plan for change. The third key consideration during the firmware architecture phase of the project is the management of feature diversity and product customizations. Many companies use a single source code base to build firmware for a family of related products.
How To Calculate CPU Utilization - Embedded
Jul 13, 2004 · Now you’ve collected all the information you’ll need to calculate CPU utilization under specific system loading. Recall from formula 1 that the CPU utilization is defined as the time not spent executing the idle task. The amount of time spent executing the idle task can be represented as a ratio of the period of the idle task in an unloaded CPU to the period of the idle task under some ...
Flash 101: The NAND Flash electrical interface - Embedded
Aug 22, 2018 · The maximum throughput achievable was improved to 133 MBps in ONFI 2.0 and up to 200 MBps in ONFI 2.1. The electrical interface and throughput for ONFI 2.2 and 2.3 remain the same; these updates were aimed at optimizing the commands for improving the efficiency of larger systems and to support the ECC ZERO NAND (EZ-NAND) interface.